Ulzmvc.php - The App_Start folder can contain class files that will be executed when the application starts. Typically, these would be config files like AuthConfig.cs, BundleConfig.cs, FilterConfig.cs, RouteConfig.cs etc. MVC 5 includes BundleConfig.cs, FilterConfig.cs and RouteConfig.cs by default. We will see the significance of these files later.

 
MMVC คืออะไร. ปัญหาของ MVC คือมันไม่ค่อยเหมาะสมสำหรับงานบางอย่าง เช่น การออกแบบเป็น CMS ซึ่งมีโครงสร้างที่ซับซ้อนกว่า เช่นการมี .... 578617d0a6

To create PHP CRUD using OOPS for the student attendance functionality, we need to consider both the student and attendance database tables. For example, when we want to read the attendance data for the edit page, the existing data has to be populated in the form fields. So the student and attendance tables are joined based on the student id.Cài đặt ứng dụng PHP thuần sử dụng MVC và OOP. 1. Giới thiệu về MVC. 1.1. Định nghĩa. MVC là một mô hình thiết kế, giúp bạn tổ chức code theo từng phần độc lập với nhau, và các phần tương tác với nhau theo một cách nhất định. 1.2. Cách mà mô hình hoạt động. Feb 26, 2013 · Give the View a reference to the Model and delegate the chore of getting data to the Model within the View. However, as noted this is not what you want to do. Note that option #2 can create strong coupling between a Model and a View, because the View must then use methods off of the Model instance to get at data. PHP MVC CRUD operations are used in a wide variety of applications. They are used for creating and retrieving data from databases, for creating and updating data on the server, and for accessing web services. There are a few steps that you need to follow in order to create a CRUD MVC PHP operation. Register the models. Create the database tables. What is MVC Architecture? There is a lot of software design pattern used for developing any application. During early days of application development, the approach of designing the User Interface, building the business logic as well as coding the logic part for the application was programmed and prepared in a single file which usually created ... Mar 10, 2020 · in your .htaccess file in your project folder copy and paste this. what was written above was a code to rewrite or redirect all routes to the public/ directory which in turn loads the index.php. Next we open the .htaccess file and index.php file in the public/ directory and paste this respectively. PHP MVC Tutorial. The Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, originally formulated in the late 1970s. It is an application design pattern that separates the application data and business logic (model) from the presentation (view). The controller mediates between the models and views.Now you can already imagine a posts controller, with a method called view that receives as an argument post_id. 2. Process the getURI information Let's build an object that returns the controller, method and args (if any):9. It is very possible to do this without an existing framework, and just create your own. Its not a very difficult task anyway. Not being application-specific, your MVC framework would have to do the following: Redirect all trafic to a central page, so that every request gets handled correctly.Hi I will try and explain this as best I can, as I am not sure if the "include" is causing the problem. What I am trying to achieve is count the total number of vehicles in the "vehicles" db table and pass it to views (I have recently moved over to MVC so still learning so please be kind and keep...Notre page respecte à présent un modèle MVC simple. L'ajout de nouvelles fonctionnalités se fait à présent en trois étapes : écriture des fonctions d'accès aux données dans le modèle ; création d'une nouvelle vue utilisant le gabarit pour afficher les données. ajout d'une page contrôleur pour lier le modèle et la vue.MVC is the most popular architecture for building complex web servers. It is used by many frameworks, and implemented into nearly every modern web applicatio...Model, View, Controller (MVC), PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) sebagai bahasa pemrograman dan MySQL sebagai Database Management System (DBMS). Pada sistem ini arsitektur perangkat lunak yang digunakan berupa web database server, dimana segala permintaan (request) pengguna diproses oleh web server danThe MVC paradigm is a way of breaking an application, or even just a piece of an application's interface, into three parts: the model, the view, and the controller. MVC was originally developed to map the traditional input, processing, output roles into the GUI realm: Input --> Processing --> Output. Oct 28, 2016 · Disadvantages of MVC architecture: It is hard to understand the MVC architecture. Must have strict rules on methods. There is not much in the disadvantages part of the architecture. And the disadvantages are not so huge and are very easy to ignore in comparison with all the benefits we get. A simple but effective way of understanding a MVC architecture pattern, specially for the beginners, through an example which is constructed in PHP. php mvc model-view-controller php-mvc mvc-php mvc-php-web-application architecture-pattern. Updated on Jul 23, 2019. PHP. Jul 3, 2022 · To create PHP CRUD using OOPS for the student attendance functionality, we need to consider both the student and attendance database tables. For example, when we want to read the attendance data for the edit page, the existing data has to be populated in the form fields. So the student and attendance tables are joined based on the student id. Controller: The brains of the application that controls how data is displayed. The concept of MVCs was first introduced by Trygve Reenskaug, who proposed it as a way to develop desktop application GUIs. Today the MVC pattern is used for modern web applications because it allows the application to be scalable, maintainable, and easy to expand.Next step. Execute the controller. First step, is to create a factory (i've spoken about this in more detail on my blog "Practical use of the Factory Pattern, Polymorphism and Interfaces in PHP"). The factory will then take the router and combine it with your logic to construct the correct controller instance which it then returns. This code ...Feb 18, 2021 · Web Dev Roadmap for Beginners (Free!): https://bit.ly/DaveGrayWebDevRoadmapThis MVC PHP Tutorial provides a Model-View-Controller CRUD Application Example. W... in your .htaccess file in your project folder copy and paste this. what was written above was a code to rewrite or redirect all routes to the public/ directory which in turn loads the index.php. Next we open the .htaccess file and index.php file in the public/ directory and paste this respectively.MVC is design framework which decreases the coupling between the objects by separating business object (Model), user interface (View) and business logic (Controller). Keep in mind that MVC is not specific to any particular language and can be implemented in different languages. It is easy to implement MVC in the languages which supports OBJECT.PHP MVC Tutorial. The Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, originally formulated in the late 1970s. It is an application design pattern that separates the application data and business logic (model) from the presentation (view). The controller mediates between the models and views.Now you can already imagine a posts controller, with a method called view that receives as an argument post_id. 2. Process the getURI information Let's build an object that returns the controller, method and args (if any):Laravel is a free and open-source web PHP framework, which is based on MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture. A Framework provides structure and starting point for creating your application. It helps to provide an amazing developer experience while providing powerful features through dependency. Laravel Framework is used to develop complex ...PHP: The Complete PHP MVC CourseLearn to master modern PHP MVC core development step-by-step, and build your eCommerce store in less than 30 daysRating: 4.2 out of 5431 reviews25 total hours147 lecturesIntermediateCurrent price: $9.99Original price: $49.99. Learn to master modern PHP MVC core development step-by-step, and build your eCommerce ...Advantages of MVC Architecture in Java. MVC architecture offers a lot of advantages for a programmer when developing applications, which include: Multiple developers can work with the three layers (Model, View, and Controller) simultaneously. Offers improved scalability, that supplements the ability of the application to grow.Laravel Tutorial. PDF Version. Quick Guide. Resources. Laravel is a powerful MVC PHP framework, designed for developers who need a simple and elegant toolkit to create full-featured web applications. Laravel was created by Taylor Otwell. This is a brief tutorial that explains the basics of Laravel framework.Sep 12, 2017 · Basically the routing system works like this. First, it checks the request method, if it matches, it continues to test the structure of the URLs. The structure of the route I set on the routes.php should match the structure of the route the user is accessing. If this is the case, it parses the requested URL and looks for URL parameters and ... PHP MVC Tutorial. The Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, originally formulated in the late 1970s. It is an application design pattern that separates the application data and business logic (model) from the presentation (view). The controller mediates between the models and views. Dec 20, 2015 · 9. It is very possible to do this without an existing framework, and just create your own. Its not a very difficult task anyway. Not being application-specific, your MVC framework would have to do the following: Redirect all trafic to a central page, so that every request gets handled correctly. 1. Proses Pengembangan Website Lebih Efisien. Konsep MVC bisa membuat proses pengembangan website lebih cepat. Sebab, MVC membagi website menjadi tiga bagian terpisah. Bagian model dan controller bisa dikerjakan oleh back end developer sementara view bisa dilakukan oleh front end developer dan UI UX tim.Dec 23, 2009 · 1. It's not. Core PHP is a "start in global namespace statement and expression oriented language". You need extra code (and an optional URL Rewriter) to implement any kind of MVC architecture. That extra code is your framework. Share. Improve this answer. Follow. answered Dec 23, 2009 at 10:06. Learn how to use PHP to build an MVC framework from scratch.You will get an understanding of how frameworks are made. The framework you build is not producti... Feb 18, 2021 · Web Dev Roadmap for Beginners (Free!): https://bit.ly/DaveGrayWebDevRoadmapThis MVC PHP Tutorial provides a Model-View-Controller CRUD Application Example. W... There is a discussion here regarding the differences between MVC vs MVP. The distinction made is that in an MVC application traditionally has the view and the controller interact with the model, but not with each other. MVP designs have the Presenter access the model and interact with the view.How to View data in database using PHP MVC with example. Previous Next . In this example we using Models, Views, Controller Structure for View the inserted data. To View data in the database first we have to create a Controller file. in your .htaccess file in your project folder copy and paste this. what was written above was a code to rewrite or redirect all routes to the public/ directory which in turn loads the index.php. Next we open the .htaccess file and index.php file in the public/ directory and paste this respectively.Mar 4, 2013 · Share. The Model-View-Control (MVC) pattern, originally formulated in the late 1970s, is a software architecture pattern built on the basis of keeping the presentation of data separate from the ... To create PHP CRUD using OOPS for the student attendance functionality, we need to consider both the student and attendance database tables. For example, when we want to read the attendance data for the edit page, the existing data has to be populated in the form fields. So the student and attendance tables are joined based on the student id.The file structure of the MVC application is below: Where the folders for: config: This folder contains all app configurations level files(db.php).; controllers: This folder will contain controller files where the action will define for UI.Mar 4, 2013 · Share. The Model-View-Control (MVC) pattern, originally formulated in the late 1970s, is a software architecture pattern built on the basis of keeping the presentation of data separate from the ... Model–view–controller ( MVC) is a software design pattern [1] commonly used for developing user interfaces that divides the related program logic into three interconnected elements. This is done to separate internal representations of information from the ways information is presented to and accepted from the user.A Simplified Approach to MVC on PHP. MVC is an approach or method to manage a web application or software development process in three layers that have their own functionality, so that the project will be made in a more managed and distributed manner. Here distributed in the sense that the three layers Model, View, Controller can be given to ...Oct 12, 2022 · XAMPP/WAMPP or any equivalent software to run our PHP Scripts. Code Editor such as Notepad++, Submile Text, VS Code, etc. Make sure that your Apache/Nginx or any equivalent service is already started and running. Next, create a new directory for your source codes for this MVC Framework. For XAMPP, place this folder inside the XAMPP's htdocs ... Nov 12, 2022 · A simple, fast, and powerful PHP MVC Framework that enables you to develop more modern applications. php mvc php-framework mvc-framework mvc-application mvc-pattern php-frameworks mvc-framework-for-php phpmvc. Updated on Aug 6, 2022. PHP. Web Dev Roadmap for Beginners (Free!): https://bit.ly/DaveGrayWebDevRoadmapThis MVC PHP Tutorial provides a Model-View-Controller CRUD Application Example. W...A simple, fast, and powerful PHP MVC Framework that enables you to develop more modern applications. php mvc php-framework mvc-framework mvc-application mvc-pattern php-frameworks mvc-framework-for-php phpmvc. Updated on Aug 6, 2022. PHP.Feb 5, 2015 · Model: Business logic. View: Presentation logic. Controller: Glue logic (triggers model functionality based on user input, render views based on model output). The statement "Deleting an item will cause all its children to also be deleted" is a description of something that needs to happen in the business logic. AhmerAli1813 / food_website. Star 1. Code. Issues. Pull requests. Online Food Ordering System Website Food website using basic PHP, MYSQL, JS, Ajax , HTML & CSS , Bootstrap . This is an internet based Website that cane be used for add to cart. php shopping-cart shop ajax shopping cart source-code jquery-ajax add restaurant-order food-delivery ... Aug 29, 2023 · The Model-View-Controller (MVC) framework is an architectural/design pattern that separates an application into three main logical components Model, View, and Controller. Each architectural component is built to handle specific development aspects of an application. It isolates the business logic and presentation layer from each other. The core idea behind MVC and MVC-inspired design patterns is Separation of Concerns. Said separation is two-fold: model layer is separate from UI layer: views are separated from controllers. Model layer (not "class" or "object") would contain several groups of structures, each dealing with as different aspect of business logic. Sep 5, 2015 · Next step. Execute the controller. First step, is to create a factory (i've spoken about this in more detail on my blog "Practical use of the Factory Pattern, Polymorphism and Interfaces in PHP"). The factory will then take the router and combine it with your logic to construct the correct controller instance which it then returns. This code ... A simple but effective way of understanding a MVC architecture pattern, specially for the beginners, through an example which is constructed in PHP. php mvc model-view-controller php-mvc mvc-php mvc-php-web-application architecture-pattern. Updated on Jul 23, 2019. PHP.Advantages of MVC Architecture in Java. MVC architecture offers a lot of advantages for a programmer when developing applications, which include: Multiple developers can work with the three layers (Model, View, and Controller) simultaneously. Offers improved scalability, that supplements the ability of the application to grow.Web Dev Roadmap for Beginners (Free!): https://bit.ly/DaveGrayWebDevRoadmapThis MVC PHP Tutorial provides a Model-View-Controller CRUD Application Example. W...Misc. Apa Itu MVC? Pahami Konsepnya dengan Baik. Rony Setiawan 29 September 2021. Bagikan. Halo kawan-kawan! Semoga kamu dalam kondisi yang baik ya. Pada kesempatan kali ini kita akan membahas sebuah pola arsitektur yang banyak digunakan, yakni MVC. Arsitektur tersebut sering digunakan untuk pembuatan aplikasi.Jun 10, 2012 · MVC is design framework which decreases the coupling between the objects by separating business object (Model), user interface (View) and business logic (Controller). Keep in mind that MVC is not specific to any particular language and can be implemented in different languages. It is easy to implement MVC in the languages which supports OBJECT. The Model-View-Controller (MVC) framework is an architectural/design pattern that separates an application into three main logical components Model, View, and Controller. Each architectural component is built to handle specific development aspects of an application. It isolates the business logic and presentation layer from each other.MVC (Model-View-Controller) is a pattern in software design commonly used to implement user interfaces, data, and controlling logic. It emphasizes a separation between the software's business logic and display. This "separation of concerns" provides for a better division of labor and improved maintenance. Some other design patterns are based on MVC, such as MVVM (Model-View-Viewmodel), MVP ...Giới thiệu. – Mô hình MVC là mô hình gồm 3 lớp: Model, View, Controller. Cụ thể như sau: Model: Lớp này chịu trách nhiệm quản lí dữ liệu: giao tiếp với cơ sở dữ liệu, chịu trách nhiệm lưu trữ hoặc truy vấn dữ liệu. View: Lớp này chính là giao diện của ứng dụng, chịu ...Jul 3, 2022 · To create PHP CRUD using OOPS for the student attendance functionality, we need to consider both the student and attendance database tables. For example, when we want to read the attendance data for the edit page, the existing data has to be populated in the form fields. So the student and attendance tables are joined based on the student id. Cài đặt ứng dụng PHP thuần sử dụng MVC và OOP. 1. Giới thiệu về MVC. 1.1. Định nghĩa. MVC là một mô hình thiết kế, giúp bạn tổ chức code theo từng phần độc lập với nhau, và các phần tương tác với nhau theo một cách nhất định. 1.2. Cách mà mô hình hoạt động.9. It is very possible to do this without an existing framework, and just create your own. Its not a very difficult task anyway. Not being application-specific, your MVC framework would have to do the following: Redirect all trafic to a central page, so that every request gets handled correctly.Next step. Execute the controller. First step, is to create a factory (i've spoken about this in more detail on my blog "Practical use of the Factory Pattern, Polymorphism and Interfaces in PHP"). The factory will then take the router and combine it with your logic to construct the correct controller instance which it then returns. This code ...The MVC paradigm is a way of breaking an application, or even just a piece of an application's interface, into three parts: the model, the view, and the controller. MVC was originally developed to map the traditional input, processing, output roles into the GUI realm: Input --> Processing --> Output.May 29, 2020 · Advantages of MVC. - MVC architecture will separate the user interface from business logic and business logic. - Components are reusable. - Easy o maintain. - Different components of the application in MVC can be independently deployed and maintained. - This architecture helpt to test components independently. Sep 12, 2017 · Basically the routing system works like this. First, it checks the request method, if it matches, it continues to test the structure of the URLs. The structure of the route I set on the routes.php should match the structure of the route the user is accessing. If this is the case, it parses the requested URL and looks for URL parameters and ... Introduction. MVC architectural pattern is almost in everywhere today, whether you are working on Java, C#, PHP, iOS projects. This might not be 100% exact, but PHP community has the most amount of MVC frameworks.Oct 28, 2016 · Disadvantages of MVC architecture: It is hard to understand the MVC architecture. Must have strict rules on methods. There is not much in the disadvantages part of the architecture. And the disadvantages are not so huge and are very easy to ignore in comparison with all the benefits we get. Dec 13, 2015 · The Basics of MVC Architecture in PHP. MVC, which stands for Model-View-Controller, is a really good way to develop clean, scalable, powerful and fast applications in the least amount of time and with the least effort. Before exploring MVC, this article begins with a brief introduction to PHP. PHP is an open source programming language that was ... Stack Overflow Public questions & answers; Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Talent Build your employer brandMVC adalah sebuah konsep dalam pembuatan perangkat lunak berorientasi object. Konsep MVC ini sangat penting untuk kita pelajari agar kita dapat membuat aplik...MVC adalah sebuah konsep dalam pembuatan perangkat lunak berorientasi object. Konsep MVC ini sangat penting untuk kita pelajari agar kita dapat membuat aplik...Controller: main entry point/file (e.g. registration.php) The controller is the entry point which is where you include your view and model. Basically in the controller, you check if form is submitted or not. If not submitted, display the view (i.e. the form) if data submitted, do validation using model's validation functions.PHP MVC CRUD operations are used in a wide variety of applications. They are used for creating and retrieving data from databases, for creating and updating data on the server, and for accessing web services. There are a few steps that you need to follow in order to create a CRUD MVC PHP operation. Register the models. Create the database tables.Mar 30, 2021 · Introduction. Today I am going to show how to create a simple PHP application following the MVC pattern (Model-View-Controller).I was inspired by a PHP course I taught some years ago, and in which I built a simple e-commerce with the students. Antes. El MVC separa tres aspectos fundamentales claramente marcados : El modelo (1) Los datos lo que es la lógica de negocio de una aplicación. La vista (2) La representación. Y el controlador (3) módulo encargado de gestionar los eventos y las comunicaciones entre el modelo y la vista.Antes. El MVC separa tres aspectos fundamentales claramente marcados : El modelo (1) Los datos lo que es la lógica de negocio de una aplicación. La vista (2) La representación. Y el controlador (3) módulo encargado de gestionar los eventos y las comunicaciones entre el modelo y la vista.Oct 29, 2018 · Learn MVC PHP framework step by step! MVC pattern, which stands for Model View Controller, is a widely – used programming technology and the most popular technique in web applications development. The most popular frameworks such as Laravel, Symphony, Yii, Zend are based on MVC pattern. So, it undoubtedly worth learning. Jun 26, 2021 · @MagnusEriksson i mean, i use windows, and apache for the php. I have to type localhost/mvc/public/ and then enter to load the home page, but i want only the localhost/mvc/ and it should point go the home page, i dont want to type public folder, the tutor in videos is doing this. Laravel Tutorial. PDF Version. Quick Guide. Resources. Laravel is a powerful MVC PHP framework, designed for developers who need a simple and elegant toolkit to create full-featured web applications. Laravel was created by Taylor Otwell. This is a brief tutorial that explains the basics of Laravel framework.

Apr 15, 2012 · Controller: main entry point/file (e.g. registration.php) The controller is the entry point which is where you include your view and model. Basically in the controller, you check if form is submitted or not. If not submitted, display the view (i.e. the form) if data submitted, do validation using model's validation functions. . Highlights of today

ulzmvc.php

May 3, 2011 · What a model is: In proper MVC adaptation, the M contains all the domain business logic and the Model Layer is mostly made from three types of structures: Domain Objects. A domain object is a logical container of purely domain information; it usually represents a logical entity in the problem domain space. Model View Controller hay còn gọi tắt là MVC là một mẫu kiến trúc phần mềm trong kỹ thuật kỹ sư phần mềm. Mô hình MVC được cấu thành từ ba lớp như sau: Model: có trách nhiệm quản lý dữ liệu; nó lưu trữ và truy xuất các thực thể được ứng dụng sử dụng, thường là ... MMVC คืออะไร. ปัญหาของ MVC คือมันไม่ค่อยเหมาะสมสำหรับงานบางอย่าง เช่น การออกแบบเป็น CMS ซึ่งมีโครงสร้างที่ซับซ้อนกว่า เช่นการมี ...Nov 10, 2022 · Laravel is a free and open-source web PHP framework, which is based on MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture. A Framework provides structure and starting point for creating your application. It helps to provide an amazing developer experience while providing powerful features through dependency. Laravel Framework is used to develop complex ... Next step. Execute the controller. First step, is to create a factory (i've spoken about this in more detail on my blog "Practical use of the Factory Pattern, Polymorphism and Interfaces in PHP"). The factory will then take the router and combine it with your logic to construct the correct controller instance which it then returns. This code ...CodeIgniter - MVC Framework. CodeIgniter is based on the Model-View-Controller (MVC) development pattern. MVC is a software approach that separates application logic from presentation. In practice, it permits your web pages to contain minimal scripting since the presentation is separate from the PHP scripting.What is MVC Architecture? There is a lot of software design pattern used for developing any application. During early days of application development, the approach of designing the User Interface, building the business logic as well as coding the logic part for the application was programmed and prepared in a single file which usually created ... Mar 31, 2023 · The Model View Controller (MVC) design pattern specifies that an application consist of a data model, presentation information, and control information. The pattern requires that each of these be separated into different objects. MVC is more of an architectural pattern, but not for complete application. Apr 19, 2021 · Controller: The brains of the application that controls how data is displayed. The concept of MVCs was first introduced by Trygve Reenskaug, who proposed it as a way to develop desktop application GUIs. Today the MVC pattern is used for modern web applications because it allows the application to be scalable, maintainable, and easy to expand. Dec 23, 2009 · 1. It's not. Core PHP is a "start in global namespace statement and expression oriented language". You need extra code (and an optional URL Rewriter) to implement any kind of MVC architecture. That extra code is your framework. Share. Improve this answer. Follow. answered Dec 23, 2009 at 10:06. AhmerAli1813 / food_website. Star 1. Code. Issues. Pull requests. Online Food Ordering System Website Food website using basic PHP, MYSQL, JS, Ajax , HTML & CSS , Bootstrap . This is an internet based Website that cane be used for add to cart. php shopping-cart shop ajax shopping cart source-code jquery-ajax add restaurant-order food-delivery ... Aprende a programar una aplicación web con el patrón de diseño de software MVC o model view controller en PHPCÓDIGO FUENTE DESCARGABLE, sigue el link http...HƯỚNG DẪN SET UP PROJECT PHP THEO MÔ HÌNH MVC - GitHubAug 17, 2015 · A Simplified Approach to MVC on PHP. MVC is an approach or method to manage a web application or software development process in three layers that have their own functionality, so that the project will be made in a more managed and distributed manner. Here distributed in the sense that the three layers Model, View, Controller can be given to ... AhmerAli1813 / food_website. Star 1. Code. Issues. Pull requests. Online Food Ordering System Website Food website using basic PHP, MYSQL, JS, Ajax , HTML & CSS , Bootstrap . This is an internet based Website that cane be used for add to cart. php shopping-cart shop ajax shopping cart source-code jquery-ajax add restaurant-order food-delivery ...Give the View a reference to the Model and delegate the chore of getting data to the Model within the View. However, as noted this is not what you want to do. Note that option #2 can create strong coupling between a Model and a View, because the View must then use methods off of the Model instance to get at data.When it comes to developing an MVC PHP-MYSQL web application: Login and signup example using php. Model – Refers to the data structure. In this case, the database. View – Refers to the user interface. The HTML and CSS. Controller – The “middleman” doing the processing. Accepts input from the view, and works with the model.Dec 23, 2009 · 1. It's not. Core PHP is a "start in global namespace statement and expression oriented language". You need extra code (and an optional URL Rewriter) to implement any kind of MVC architecture. That extra code is your framework. Share. Improve this answer. Follow. answered Dec 23, 2009 at 10:06. .

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